Estilo indirecto: afirmaciones, preguntas y peticiones
28 preguntas · opción múltiple, huecos, transformar frases, verdadero o falso y relacionar · corrección al instante
Opción múltiple
Cuenta lo que dijeron
Elige la construcción correcta para el estilo indirecto.
The receptionist asked me an appointment.
Rosa told the entrance had moved.
The technician warned us the exposed wire.
He wanted to know where the previous night.
Mina denied the confidential file.
The supervisor suggested the procedure before the next shift.
Completar
Haz el backshift
Completa con el verbo entre paréntesis. Usa el retroceso temporal convencional: presente → pasado, pasado → past perfect, will → would, can → could.
'I am preparing the figures.' → Eva said that she the figures. (prepare)
'We sent the parcel.' → They said that they the parcel. (send)
'I have never seen this error.' → Joel said that he that error. (never / see)
'I won't disclose the code.' → She said that she the code. (not / disclose)
'I can't access the archive.' → He said that he the archive. (not / access)
'I didn't sign the form.' → Ana said that she the form. (not / sign)
Transformación
Preguntas y peticiones
Completa con entre dos y cinco palabras, incluida la palabra clave sin modificarla. Aplica el backshift convencional cuando proceda. Las contracciones cuentan como sus formas completas. No sustituyas por sinónimos las palabras de la frase original.
'Did you lock the cabinet?' the manager asked me.
WHETHER
The manager asked me the cabinet.
'Where do you keep the spare keys?' the inspector asked us.
KEPT
The inspector asked us where the spare keys.
'Please don't leave the gate open,' the neighbour said to us.
TO
The neighbour asked us the gate open.
'I'll email you the receipt,' Ella said to me.
WOULD
Ella told me that she me the receipt.
'You should keep a copy,' the adviser said to me.
ADVISED
The adviser a copy.
'I broke the handle,' Luis admitted.
BREAKING
Luis the handle.
Verdadero o falso
Revisa preguntas y órdenes referidas
Marca Verdadero si la frase es gramaticalmente correcta y Falso si contiene un error.
The guard asked whether I had a pass.
She asked me where was the loading bay.
The instructor told us not to remove our helmets.
He said me that the office was closed.
The doctor advised her taking a few days off.
Relacionar
Cambia el punto de vista
Eva te habló el lunes en su oficina. El martes tú cuentas sus palabras desde tu casa. Relaciona cada cita con su versión indirecta; aplica el cambio de tiempo y de punto de vista.
Pulsa un elemento de la izquierda y después su pareja de la derecha.
Explicación
El reported speech o estilo indirecto permite contar un mensaje sin repetir las palabras exactas. Ajustamos la estructura y, cuando cambia el punto de vista, también los tiempos, los pronombres y las referencias de lugar o tiempo.
Afirmaciones y retroceso temporal
Con un verbo introductor en pasado suele aparecer el backshift:
| Mensaje original | Estilo indirecto habitual |
|---|---|
| present simple | past simple |
| present continuous | past continuous |
| past simple / present perfect | past perfect |
| will / can | would / could |
| past perfect / would / could | normalmente no cambian |
- “I have lost my pass.” → She said that she had lost her pass.
- “We will wait.” → They told us they would wait.
Say no lleva una persona como objeto directo: He said to me that it was urgent. Tell sí: He told me that it was urgent. That suele ser opcional en las afirmaciones.
El backshift no es automático si el dato sigue siendo válido o se cuenta como actual: The tutor said that copper conducts electricity. Los ejercicios que lo exigen lo indican para fijar una única referencia temporal.
Preguntas indirectas
| Tipo | Introducción | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| Sí / no | if / whether | She asked whether I had paid. |
| Con interrogativo | where, why, how… | He asked why the lift was out of order. |
Usamos orden de afirmación, sin el auxiliar do de las preguntas directas: She asked where I worked. Si el interrogativo ya es sujeto, tampoco añadimos otro: He asked who had called.
Órdenes, peticiones y otros mensajes
- tell / ask + persona + to: They asked us to lower our voices.
- warn + persona + not to: She warned me not to restart the machine.
- admit / deny + -ing: He denied removing the label.
- suggest + -ing o una oración con that: She suggested taking a break. / She suggested that we take a break.
Cambia la perspectiva, no solo el verbo
Tomorrow puede pasar a the next day, here a there y this a that, pero solo si la situación lo requiere. “I’ll meet you here tomorrow” puede convertirse, contado después desde otro lugar, en She said she would meet me there the next day.
Truco: no traduzcas «me preguntó dónde estaba» con una segunda pregunta: She asked where I was, no where was I. Primero identifica quién habla, a quién se refiere y desde cuándo se cuenta.